History and Background of the Kashmir Conflict

History and Background of the Kashmir Conflict Kashmir, formally alluded to as Jammu and Kashmir, is a 86,000-square-mile area (about the size of Idaho) in northwest India and upper east Pakistan so stunning in physical magnificence that Mugal ​(or Moghul) rulers in the sixteenth and seventeenth century thought of it as a natural heaven. The district has been viciously questioned by India and Pakistan since their 1947 parcel, which made Pakistan as the Muslim partner to Hindu-lion's share India. History of Kashmir Following quite a while of Hindu and Buddhist standard, Muslim Moghul sovereigns assumed responsibility for Kashmir in the fifteenth century, changed over the populace to Islam and fused it into the Moghul realm. Islamic Moghul rule ought not be mistaken for current types of tyrant Islamic systems. The Moghul realm, described by any semblance of Akbar the Great (1542-1605) encapsulated Enlightenment standards of resistance and pluralism a century prior to the ascent of the European Enlightenment. (Moghuls left their blemish on the resulting Sufi-motivated type of Islam that overwhelmed the subcontinent in India and Pakistan, before the ascent of more jihadist-propelled Islamist mullahs.) Afghan trespassers followed the Moghuls in the eighteenth century, who were themselves driven out by Sikhs from Punjab. England attacked in the nineteenth century and sold the whole Kashmir Valley for a large portion of a million rupees (or three rupees for every Kashmiri) to the merciless severe leader of Jammu, the Hindu Gulab Singh. It was under Singh that the Kashmir Valley turned out to be a piece of the province of Jammu and Kashmir. The 1947 India-Pakistan Partition and Kashmir India and Pakistan were parceled in 1947. Kashmir was part too, with 66% going to India and a third going to Pakistan, despite the fact that Indias share was dominatingly Muslim, similar to Pakistan. Muslims revolted. India curbed them. War broke out. It wasnt settled until a 1949 truce facilitated by the United Nations and a goals requiring a choice, or plebiscite, permitting Kashmiris to choose their future for themselves. India has never actualized the goals. Rather, India has kept up what adds up to an involving armed force in Kashmir, developing more hatred from local people than prolific rural items. Present day Indias originators Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi-both had Kashmiri roots, which somewhat discloses Indias connection to the district. To India, Kashmir for the Kashmiris amounts to nothing. Indian pioneers standard line is that Kashmir is a basic piece of India. In 1965, India and Pakistan battled their second of three significant wars since 1947 over Kashmir. The United States was to a great extent to fault for making way for war. The truce three weeks after the fact was not considerable past an interest that the two sides put down their arms and a vow to send global eyewitnesses to Kashmir. Pakistan reestablished its require a choice by Kashmirs generally Muslim populace of 5 million to choose the districts future, as per a 1949 UN goals. India kept on opposing directing such a plebiscite. The 1965 war, in whole, settled nothing and just put off future clashes. (Peruse progressively about the Second Kashmir War.) The Kashmir-Taliban Connection With the ascent to intensity of Muhammad Zia ul Haq (the despot was leader of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988), Pakistan started its droop toward Islamism. Zia found in Islamists a mean of solidifying and keeping up his capacity. By belittling the reason for hostile to Soviet Mujahideens in Afghanistan starting in 1979, Zia curried and won Washingtons favorand took advantage of monstrous amounts of money and weaponry the United States diverted through Zia to take care of the Afghan insurrection. Zia had demanded that he be the channel of arms and weaponry. Washington yielded. Zia occupied a lot of money and weaponry to two pet ventures: Pakistans atomic weapons program, and building up an Islamist battling power that would subcontract the battle against India in Kashmir. Zia to a great extent prevailing at both. He financed and secured outfitted camps in Afghanistan that prepared aggressors whod be utilized in Kashmir. Also, he bolstered the ascent of a bad-to-the-bone Islamist corps in Pakistani Madrassas and in Pakistans innate territories that would apply Pakistans impact in Afghanistan and Kashmir. The corps name: The Taliban. Consequently, the political and activist repercussions of ongoing Kashmiri history areâ intimately associated with the ascent of Islamism in northern and western Pakistan, and in Afghanistan. Kashmir Today As indicated by a Congressional Research Service report, Relations among Pakistan and India stay gridlocked on the issue of Kashmiri sway, and a nonconformist disobedience has been in progress in the district since 1989. Pressures were very intense in the wake of the Kargil struggle of 1999 when an invasion by Pakistani officers prompted a wicked six-week-long fight. Strains over Kashmir rose hazardously in fall 2001, driving then-Secretary of State Colin Powell to de-heighten pressures face to face. At the point when a bomb detonated in the Indian Jammu and Kashmir state gathering and a furnished band attacked the Indian Parliament in New Delhi soon thereafter, India prepared 700,000 soldiers, compromised war, and incited Pakistan into assembling its powers. American mediation constrained then-Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf, who had been especially instrumental in further mobilizing Kashmir, inciting the Kargil war there in 1999, and encouraging Islamist fear based oppression in this manner, in January 2002 promised to end the nearness of psychological oppressor substances on Pakistani soil. He vowed to boycott and kill fear monger associations, including Jemaah Islamiyah, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and Jaish-e-Mohammed. Musharrafs promises, as usual, demonstrated unfilled. Brutality in Kashmir proceeded. In May 2002, an assault on an Indian armed force base at Kaluchak murdered 34, the vast majority of them ladies and kids. The assault again carried Pakistan and India to the edge of war. Like the Arab-Israeli clash, the contention over Kashmir stays uncertain. Furthermore, similar to the Arab-Israeli clash, it is the source, and maybe the key, to harmony in areas far more prominent than the domain in question.

Occupy Wall Street, Pros and Cons Essay Example for Free

Possess Wall Street, Pros and Cons Essay In the previous year, there has been a development that has become out of the dissatisfaction over the jobless masses the country over. The development was for the most part focused on Big Banks and the wealthiest 1% who hold a critical percent of the cash in this nation. The development, in its beginnings, was intended to fight the declining white collar class and fast extending lower class. It likewise fought that the high society was not paying a lot of assessments. Star side of the Movement: The OWS development brought to the cutting edge the conviction that the rich were paying a much lower level of expenses then there center and lower class partners. It requested that the rich make good on more assessments and direct the progression of cash to enormous banks and bank bailouts. Much like the Tea Party development, they requested a conclusion to the TARP bailouts and end to government bailouts of a debased Federal Reserve. The developments saying, â€Å"Companies are awful, Capitalism is intrinsically evil†, additionally shows the developments resistance to enormous enterprises raking in tons of cash and not imparting it to their representatives. It has accumulated a great deal of help from among the ultra liberal populace and indicated that there are a decent number of individuals who bolster this reason. Among the supporters have been numerous celebs, government officials and even worker's guilds. The way that banks rounded up record benefits before the lodging crash, and unjustifiably abandoned a huge number of credits on white collar class and destitute individuals, at that point got government bailouts to spare them chafed numerous individuals. The single biggest expense to the American citizen ever, more than all the past national obligation joined since the nation’s birth in 1776, the banks got not billions, however trillions in this TARP bailout. It was from this 2 developments were conceived. Casual get-together and OWS both owe their starting points to this single occasion. OWS is the Liberal side versus the Conservative Tea Party. Hostile to Occupy Wall Street: In the start of the development, there wasn’t a great deal of resistance to their thoughts in all cases. They had a strong thought and cause. They represented the center and lower class residents with a message the 99% of the populace was worn out on being strolled on by the rich. In any case, this picture immediately discolored. The development turned into an assortment of individuals who essentially appeared as though a destitute camp of transients of individuals who felt they were â€Å"entitled† to an agreeable life and not working for it. Pretty much every face in the group was individuals that were essentially unemployable in light of the fact that they had over the top tattoos, terrible cleanliness or awful mentalities versus everything! Blended In with their fights were political gatherings joining the temporary fad, for example, Communist, Marxist, Nazi and Anarchist? There signs frequently depicted brutality to rich individuals and organizations. They would shout out, â€Å"We are the 99%† the entire time the genuine 99% of the populace was getting appalled with these individuals. The development is passing on and essentially dead in light of the fact that the individuals who composed these camps didn't police themselves or separation themselves from the individuals who discolored the underlying message of the development. Rather than a message being sent to the rich, they made themselves and humiliation to their motivation. Will Occupy Wall Street be fixed? : Is it past the point where it is possible to fix the harm the awful components of the dissent? I think it is. They had/have no reasonable message any longer. They grumble about everything and everybody. Every single rich individuals are underhanded, our free enterprise government is abhorrent and Corporations are Evil? This is their case. Notwithstanding, do these individuals stop to think (as they use there iPhones, tasting Starbucks espresso and wearing planner garments) that they are frauds? That notwithstanding all they remain against, America would be simply a third world nation? Do the individuals who bolster communism and socialism not understand they have been attempted and bombed on numerous occasions? Communism is an incredible government till you come up short on others people’s cash! Rich individuals give a greater part of the occupations in this nation. There is likewise the reality, that in America, everybody can possibly get rich. There are progressively tycoons in America, than the entire world consolidated. There are numerous things in their message that is basically not thoroughly considered. The development needs to single out the miscreants, for example, BofA and the individuals who caused the lodging crash. They have to help clever individuals who can spread a positive message for them. Not be a tremendous un-washed mass of entitled radicals searching for a present. My Opinion: I think the development is dead. It was dead after the main week. It needs to leave and reboot. It needs another arrangement, new individuals and authority. It needs a voice! It has been damaged by savagery and disgrace. I loathe that these individuals state they speak to me. I speak to the persevering individuals of this nation that puts stock in the American Dream. These qualified selfish jerks requirement for quit asking why they can’t find a new line of work while there arriving face punctured or another tattoo. I need to be rich one day, and I don’t need to need to pay 70% of my salary to pay for individuals who won’t get off their butts and find a new line of work. I accept in the event that you buckle down, you ought to be remunerated for it, not rebuffed!

Drawing, Art Therapy, and Stress Relief

Drawing, Art Therapy, and Stress Relief Stress Management Management Techniques Relaxation Print Drawing, Art Therapy, and Stress Relief By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 26, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 27, 2019 Westend61/Getty Images More in Stress Management Management Techniques Relaxation Physical Techniques Time Management Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Art therapy has been widely practiced for many, many years, both formally in a therapeutic context, and informally among those who simply feel better when they draw. Decades ago, psychologist Carl Jung recommended coloring mandalas (circular designs that can contain intricate patterns or symbols) as a therapeutic intervention to promote psychological health, as he perceived that drawing mandalas had a calming effect on his patients while facilitating their processing of thoughts and emotions. Since then, art therapists have long recommended this practice  and have reported positive results, though these results were not demonstrated by research until later. While there is still room for many more studies on mandalas and drawing, in general, several studies have already shown us some important information about the effectiveness of using art for stress relief. Here are some of the most telling findings. Creating Art Can Minimize Anxiety and Lift Mood One study from researchers Chloe Bell and Steven Robbins randomly assigned 50 adults ages 30 and under to either create artwork or sort a series of art prints. Before either group was asked to do anything related to art, they were asked to engage in the mild stressor of creating a 10-item to-do list of their “most pressing concerns and worries,” which was designed to create a mildly negative mood and mild anxiety that the activities could then potentially minimize. Then, they were given assessments of their moods and anxiety levels. Finally, one group was provided paper, colored pencils, charcoal pencils, and oil pastels, as well as 20 minutes to create art. The second group was given a stack of 60 art prints and the instructions to sort them “based on their pictorial content” for the next 20 minutes. Both of these activities would expose the subjects to art, but only the first group was involved in the creative expression. After three measures of negative mood and anxiety were collected before and after each intervention, the results showed that the group who created artwork experienced significantly greater reductions in negative mood and anxiety compared with the art-sorting group, showing that the mere act of creating art can significantly minimize negative mood and anxiety, some of the negative effects of stress. (If you’re worried about the subjects being deliberately stressed by thinking about their most pressing concerns for the sake of the study, researchers asked them all to create a list of their 10 most positive or favorite memories before they left, which can be quite helpful in itself.) Creating Mandalas Can Minimize Symptoms of Trauma Another study by researchers Patti Henderson and David Rosen from Texas AM University and Nathan Mascaro from Emory University School of Medicine was conducted with those suffering from PTSD divided 36 subjects into two groups: those who drew mandalas for 20 minutes at a time for three days in a row, and those who were instructed to draw an object for the same period of time. Those who had drawn mandalas showed a decrease in symptoms of trauma at a one-month follow-up, whereas those who drew an object did not. (It should be noted that other potential differences in the groups were studied, but this was the only difference that was statistically significant; some of these expected changes, such as differences in anxiety levels among those who drew mandalas and those who did not, have been found in similar studies with less traumatized subjects, so it is possible that more mild states of stress can be more easily affected by drawing.) What Happens to You After a Traumatic Experience It should be noted that, in this study, participants were asked to create their own mandalas using symbols that represented their feelings or emotions related to their trauma as part of the design rather than coloring in patterned mandalas that had been previously created. Because of this, there might be some added element of catharsis here. However, the act of coloring mandalas is similar in that the choice of colors and the calming act of coloring itself are the same. Coloring Pictures Can Relieve Anxiety â€" No Drawing Skills Necessary A final relevant study was conducted by researchers Renee van der Vennet and Susan Serice. In the study, they measured 50 subjects’ anxiety levels, induced anxiety in subjects by asking them to write about a past fearful incident for four minutes, assessed their anxiety levels again, and then divided them into three groups: one that colored mandalas, one that colored a plaid design, and one that drew freely on blank paper. Each group drew for 20 minutes using six colored pencils. The practice of coloring mandala drawings has been shown to reduce anxiety levels significantly. The researchers measured anxiety levels both before and after the drawing activities and found significant reductions in stress in the coloring groups. They observed that those in the free-drawing condition seemed to pause to think about what to draw, and some appeared to struggle with the open-endedness of the drawing assignment; perhaps there were too many choices with free drawing, where mandala drawing allowed for more concentration, focus, and present-mindedness. (And sometimes having too many choices can be stressful in itself, even if the choices are relatively insignificant.) This study is particularly relevant for those who aren’t entirely comfortable with their artistic abilities, but enjoy doodling and coloring (which is a large group!), and lends support for the stress relief coloring books that have become increasingly popular among adults. Final Thoughts This is all great news for those wanting to relieve anxiety and stress  and lift their mood. If you’ve ever wondered if taking a few minutes to draw a picture can actually help with stress, now you know that it can. (Perhaps that’s why many of us instinctively doodle on the sides of our to-do lists, or why teens often draw pictures in class.) If you’ve wondered if a stress relief coloring book is worth a try (as I had), it appears that they can indeed be helpful, as the mandalas used in the third study were very similar to those in mandala coloring books sold in popular bookstores. Simply creating something you find to be beautiful, or that expresses your emotions can be helpful, so let your inner child loose and get out those colored pencils! Try some art activities that can relieve stress. How Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms Can Lead to PTSD

“Voluntold” to Serve Essay - 867 Words

Public prosecutors, accounting specialists, military personnel and law enforcement officials are just a few of the public services jobs filled by voluntary citizens from all walks of life, but what if a two year service of this kind was mandatory for all high school graduates? It could be said that this would bolster public services with an influx of personnel to provide a more robust service. Would the reasons to implement this type of service outweigh the consequences though? I don’t believe so. In fact, I believe that compulsory public service would only cause complications for the military, increase government spending and would be a direct violation of the Thirteenth amendment. Admittedly, public service could instill a sense of†¦show more content†¦This process also consumes time, generates otherwise unnecessary paperwork and senselessly diverts the attention of military leadership from their primary function. Eliminating recruiting cost in order to save money is another argument that could be made in favor of making it mandatory. While it is true that this cost would be eliminated, with the elevated number of personnel, it is very probable that, not only would there be no savings, government spending would actually increase. For instance, in 2008 between all active duty and reserve forces there were 324,737 people who entered military service (Khomar, 2009). The average cost of recruiting is 11,000 dollars per member (Powers, 2011). If a mandatory service policy had been in effect, it would have saved approximately 3.5 billion dollars in Government spending. That’s impressive, right? Maybe, but consider this: The number of students projected to graduate in 2011 is 3.2 million and there is a cost of 35,000 dollars per member just to complete basic training (Powers, 2011) (National Center for Education Statistics, 2008). That would be 112 billion dollars! This would increase the nation’s average annual expenditure on basic military training by 97 billion dollars. Granted, not all 3.2 million graduating students would be military, and there would even be many that would be completely disqualified for public service, but the foreseeable cost of implementing a screeningShow MoreRelatedWomen During Combat - Rough Draft1609 Words   |  7 Pagescombat Infantry and Special Forces units. I celebrate the decision to lift the previous ban on a social basis for women’s equality, but my personal experiences and knowledge of the way war is experienced makes me ultimately opposed to allowing women to serve in direct ground combat positions. There are many different arguments from various feminist groups, politicians and even average Americans. Many of these individuals have never experienced day to day life in a war zone and generate their opinionsRead MoreThe Military Of The United States2081 Words   |  9 PagesNational military Establishment.) The department of Defense was encompassed the Army, Navy, and the new branch the Air-Force. The Air–Force Expeditionary Force (AEF) created in the late 1990s which allowed active duty, reserve, and air National Guard to serve together; this allowed the forces to join together and complete missions, instead of one being deployed for years on end. This concept came about because it faced declining budgets and personnel, so in order to continue they had to change the way it

Summary Event / Incident - 1618 Words

Summary of event/incident A referral had come through from a school nurse for a child who was apparently experiencing dental issues. Mum felt that the grandparents were taking over parenting in a way which she felt was not in the child’s best interests. According to the mother, the grandparents’ controlling behaviour had hindered the mother’s relationship with her child. Consequently, the child was now disobedient and would not take any notice of what mum said, whilst the child was always wanting to stay with the grandparents rather than be around the mother. The mother now felt that she did not have any sort of attachment with her child and, although she will cuddle the child when upset, mum wonders why she has done it. In contrast, mum has told me that she believes that she has a good bond with her baby. I, however, was doubtful of mum’s understanding of how to ensure the correct ‘attachment’ as I had not observed mum interact in any way with the baby, although I had seen mum tend to some of baby’s immediate needs. As a result, baby looked well cared for; clean, responsive and alert which suggested that the majority of her physical needs were being provided for. My worries, however, were with baby’s psycho-emotional needs as I had not witnessed the baby stimulated in any way by mother. I had seen the father play, feed and cuddle the baby, yet I had only observed mum doing ‘hands-on’ things. As mum was the principle carer and looked after the baby for the largestShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of An After Action Report And Improvement Plan ( Aar / Ip ) Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagesthe strengths and weaknesses of certain events. These reports help breakdown incidents and to check processes that have either worked as planned or processes that need improvement. 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Role Of Locomotives During The Civil War - 900 Words

Jake Bohling The Role of Locomotives in the Civil War What was the role of locomotives during The United States of America s Civil War? There are many things that locomotive did during the United States of America s civil war. First, locomotives were used to transport people. Locomotives were also used to transport other resources, such as weapons and food. Next, locomotives could be used very strategically, and cause confusion among enemies. I chose the topic locomotives affects on the United States of America s Civil War because I have been interested in the Civil War ,since visiting Kennesaw Mountain sparked my interested in the United States of America s Civil War. Later, I asked my parents if they knew anything interesting†¦show more content†¦Locomotives could transport thousands of troops to there destination in a very quick manner.. For example, Herman Haught rendered a strategy that was used at Gettysburg to transport the wounded. Herman Haught s strategy was very effective in moving wounded soldiers. Two thousand to four thousand injured troops at a time. Another, fantastic example is during the first Battle of Manassas when the Confederates sent reinforcement troops with a locomotive causing a victory over the Union. Another example, is the Battle of Chickamauga when President Abraham Lincoln sent twenty thousand reinforcement troops in just eleven days from Washington, D.C. to Georgia. Locomotive wer e used for transporting the wounded and reinforcements during the United States of America s civil war, but locomotives were also extremely effective at transporting resources such as guns, horses, food, and anything needed. Next, Locomotives were used for transporting food, weapons, horses ,and many more things during the United States of America s Civil War. Trains Could effectively carry large quantities of weapons at a time. Locomotives could hold people on board to defend the large amounts of weapons, since locomotives were so large. Trains would get their resources from a supply depot and then bring the resources to troops located along the railroad track. Although, carrying weapons by rail is extremely effective, it had multiple disadvantages. One disadvantage is that enemies

Importance of Personality in Matching Jobs - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theImportance of Personality in Matching People to Jobs for Recruitment. Answer: For all organizations, the recruitment and selection process is a critical stage that allows them to get the best candidates who will form part of their long-term future. Along with academic qualification and experience, most companies are always on the look for people whose character and personality resonates with the companys principles, values and behavior. Consequently, the need for personality in recruitment has grown upon realization that it plays an important role in getting the right crop of employees who will move the organization forward in the long-term. Unlike in the past, the current processes of recruitment across organizations place more emphasis on the application of various parameters such as personality tests in acquiring employees with the appropriate personality to fit in the companys vision. The concept pf matching personalities to jobs became more popular in the 1990s in the aftermath of the dot.com era whereby people rushed to internet companies for newer challenges which later turned out to be unsuitable (Daft Marcic, 2006). This period gave rise to the job-fit concept that is the foundation of the fundamental role of personality in matching people with jobs during the recruitment process. Job-fit enables managers and organizations to hire people who are well suited to the task (Daft Marcic, 2006). By subjecting people to various processes that visualize their character, managers are better placed to have the right people with the right attitude who fit in the companys profile. Keeping in mind the criticality of the selection and recruiting processes, it is compelling that the human resource management team gets people who share the same ideals, values and vision with the company so that their productivity works well for the firm once they resume their responsibilit ies. Another importance of personality in the selection process is that it enables managers and organizations to spot potential strengths and weaknesses of each candidate so that they can place them in the right job designation (Lievensn Chapman, 2010). In this context, personality tests and anticipation of ones perceived weaknesses and strengths become a crucial tool for the selection panel to scrutinize and place each successful candidate in a job they are likely to exploit their full potential. This concept can be understood better in relation to the Theory of Purposeful Work Behavior (also referred to as the Five Factor Model of Personality). According to the theory, personality traits are a foundation for individual goal setting and the core traits interact with job characteristics to yield job satisfaction and personal struggle to fit in roles within the broader structure (Barrick, Mount Li, 2013).One of the pillars of the model that can be applicable in the recruitment process is Openness to Experience. In this regard, a person who scores highly exhibits strong creativity and responsiveness to new ideas and as such, they would be better suited to the research and development department. Personality is critical in matching people to jobs since it is a predictor for work engagement and performance in the long-term (Bakker Tims Derks, 2012). According to this concept, work is a broad process in which people of distinct personalities, traits and expectations pull together their knowledge and visions to yield optimum results for individual and collective excellence. Therefore, it is critical for companies to be ahead of their employees by predicting their proactivity and understand the correlation between these characters and future performance. Therefore, organizational management ought to have their foundation built on the abilities of their employees and most importantly, their abilities to cope with emerging challenges and stay productive. For example, one of the pillars of proactivity at the workplace is crafting which can be cited at the early stages of recruitment or when the employee has been assigned duties. Consequently, they can exhibit traits such as dedicat ion, vigor and absorption which are pointers to potential job engagement and performance (Bakker et el., 2012). Therefore, by applying this model managers are able to spot the underlying potential which is a critical factor in engagement and performance of each employee. The use of personality in matching people to jobs is also important in team formation and success. This role of personality is a reincarnate of the five (5) factors of the Big Five Personality Theory (Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and Neuroticism). Whereas it is not practical and even ethically sound to have employees of similar character, personality plays a critical role in ensuring that the group is of the right composition with the correct chemistry to work together in teams and achieve the set goals and objectives (Bradley et al., 2013). All organizations thrive on robust teams and shared responsibilities among all employees and as such, personality plays a crucial role in the success or failure of these teams. When designing teams, individual character is key. Managers will use these as indicators of physical and emotional strength as well as the ability to deal with potential challenges collectively. For example, in the face of conflict , it is highly likely that groups with a majority of members who exhibit high levels of openness and emotional stability are likely to use the conflict to their advantage for future improved performance. On the other hand, teams with low openness and emotional stability are likely to be adversely affected by conflicts to the degree of lowering their productivity. This underlines the importance of personality consideration in composing teams at the workplace. The application of personality as a job-fit tool plays a psychological role in dealing with workplace aggression. From mild interactions to intense behaviors, personality traits are critical in employees ability to cope with psychological setbacks in their line of duty (Taylor Kluemper, 2012) .Consequently, there is a strong correlation between role stress and the five personality traits and each of them influences how individuals respond to psychological challenges and even better their performance afterwards. By placing employees in designations that they exhibit higher psychological strength and mental ability to overcome drawbacks, the organization is facilitating personal growth and continuity. Individual differences in personality are an enriching factor that managers ought to exploit to the deepest point and identify people whose vulnerability to workplace stressors provides the impetus for growth rather than a recipe for failure. In this context, personality is important bot h in the selection and development processes since most of the challenges emerge after one has resumed duty. However, it is worth noting that the responsiveness in this case varies from one person and job description to another and as such, there is little assurance that organizations have the capacity to consider all people and place them in roles that are in line with their abilities. Personality is the foundation of organizational culture. Consequently, it becomes so important for managers to consider individual behaviors and ways of responding to certain situations since these aspects escalate into a persistent pattern or culture (Gardner et al., 2012). A recent study by Empxtrack showed that more than 85% of employers are looking for employees who are culturally fit as this abets employee retention and cultural continuity within the organization. An observation of ones personality is thus considered an essential tool for assisting employers have the right people with the appropriate attitudes in roles that support their growth and demonstration of standards that replicate what the organization stands for. On the other hand, the consideration of personality in assigning roles enables employees to stay attached to the organizational goal setting and achievement as well as becoming a motivational factor. This is because they are likely to work comfortably in roles that match their expectations, capabilities and reasoning. The role of personality in job-fit is undisputable across the globe. However, the same concept is not void of counter-arguments. Arthur (2012), while underlining the importance of personality, points out that it becomes more misguiding and unduly stressed that organizations have to consider personality as a guiding tool for selection and placement. He argued that considering the duration of the selection and hiring process, it is highly unlikely that personality traits can be fully exposed at this juncture. As a result, basing job-fit on this process is tantamount to misconception. Secondly, personality is not rigid as it is affected by subsequent challenges and situations that emerge at the workplace. Therefore, employers will find it very difficult to use this as a tool that yields employees who will stay consistent throughout their stay in service. Conclusively, personality is important for selection and job performance. It is within the discretion of any organization to apply any personality model in order to obtain a group of employees that are emotionally and physically fit to meet the companys goals and expectations. Equally, personality is an incentive to the employees as it helps them overcome challenges and grow professionally. Thus, it is bold to affirm that the advantages outweigh the negativities and as such, personality is, and will rightly continue to form an integral part of selection and hiring. References Arthur, D. (2012).Recruiting, interviewing, selecting orienting new employees. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement.Human relations,65(10), 1359-1378. Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics.Academy of Management Review,38(1), 132-153. Bradley, B. H., Klotz, A. C., Postlethwaite, B. E., Brown, K. G. (2013). Ready to rumble: how team personality composition and task conflict interact to improve performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(2), 385. Daft, R. L., Marcic, D. (2006).Understanding management. Cengage Learning. Darsana, M. (2013). The Influence Of Personality And Organizational Culture On Employee Performance Through Organizational Citizenship Behavior.The International Journal of Management,2(4). Gardner, W. L., Reithel, B. J., Cogliser, C. C., Walumbwa, F. O., Foley, R. T. (2012). Matching personality and organizational culture: Effects of recruitment strategy and the Five-Factor Model on subjective personorganization fit.Management Communication Quarterly,26(4), 585-622. Leutner, F., Ahmetoglu, G., Akhtar, R., Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2014). The relationship between the entrepreneurial personality and the Big Five personality traits.Personality and individual differences,63, 58-63. Lievens, F., Chapman, D. (2010). Recruitment and selection.The SAGE handbook of human resource management, 135-154. Ployhart, R. E. (2012). The psychology of competitive advantage: An adjacent possibility.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,5(1), 62-81. Sackett, P. R., Walmsley, P. T. (2014). Which personality attributes are most important in the workplace?.Perspectives on Psychological Science,9(5), 538-551. Taylor, S. G., Kluemper, D. H. (2012). Linking perceptions of role stress and incivility to workplace aggression: the moderating role of personality.Journal of occupational health psychology,17(3), 316.

Biological Foundations of Psychology Linked to Behavior free essay sample

The different schools of psychology represent the major theories within psychology. Behaviorism became a dominant school of thought during the 1950s. Behaviorism suggests that all behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal forces. Behaviorism is focused on observable behavior. Theories of learning including classical conditioning and operant conditioning were the focus of a great deal of research. Psychoanalysis is a school of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud. This school of thought emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements:the id , the ego and the superego. Humanistic psychology developed as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Humanistic psychology instead focused on individual free will, personal growth and self-actualization.Gestalt psychology is a school of psychology based upon the idea that we experience things as unified wholes. This approach to psychology began in Germany and Austria during the late 19th century in response to the molecular approach of structuralism. We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Foundations of Psychology Linked to Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead of breaking down thoughts and behavior to their smallest elements, the gestalt psychologists believed that you must look at the whole of experience. According to the gestalt thinkers, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.Cognitive psychology is the school of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy and linguistics. One of the most influential theories from this school of thought was the stages of cognitive development theory proposed by Jean Piaget.

Heres How Crabs Find Food

Here's How Crabs Find Food Crabs may be a favorite food for some people, but they need to eat too. They often live in dark or muddy areas, where it can be difficult to find prey by eyesight. So how do crabs find food, and how do they eat? And, interestingly, what types of food do they like to eat? How Crabs Find Food Like many other marine animals, crabs rely on their sense of smell to find prey. Crabs have chemoreceptors that allow them to detect chemicals in the water that are released by their prey. These chemoreceptors are located on a crabs antennae. These are long, segmented appendages near the crabs eyes that have both chemoreceptors and allow them to feel its surroundings. Crabs also have antennules, shorter antenna-like appendages near the antennas that allow them to sense their environment. A crab can taste using hairs on its mouthparts, pincers and even its feet. Senses of Taste and Smell Crabs have pretty well-developed senses of taste and smell. Fishing for crabs, or crabbing, using pots and cages relies on these senses, and makes it possible to catch crabs. The pots are baited with a variety of smelly things, depending on the target crab species. Bait can include chicken necks, pieces of fish such as eel, menhaden, squid, herring and mackerel. As the bait hangs in the trap in a bag or in a bait jar, odorous chemicals waft out into the ocean, attracting hungry crabs. Depending on water flow, these conditions can affect their senses to detect prey. What and How Crabs Eat Crabs arent picky eaters. They will eat everything from dead and living fish to barnacles, plants,  snails, shrimp, worms and even other crabs. They use their claws to grab food particles and put the food into their mouths. This is similar to the way humans eat using their hands or utensils. Crabs also use their claws to manipulate or break up the food so they can place it into their mouths more easily in smaller bites. When crabs have to break through shells of other sea life, their strong claws come in especially handy while their other appendages help them quickly move to catch various types of prey. Different Crabs, Different Diets Different crabs like to eat different types of sea life and plants.  Dungeness crabs, for example, may snack on squid and worms, while king crabs like to nosh on clams, mussels, worms and sea urchins. Basically, king crabs hunt for prey on the ocean floor and often eat decaying animal matter as well as live sea life. Sources and Further Reading â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions.†Ã‚  Blue Crab.â€Å"Encyclopedia of Tidepools and Rocky Shores.† Edited by Mark W. Denny and Steve Gaines, University of California Press, 2017.â€Å"Dungeness Crab.  Oregon Agriculture in the Classroom..Blue Crab Anatomy web.vims.edu.

Comparing Senator Kelly Ayotte and Senator Joe Donnelly Essay - 1

Comparing Senator Kelly Ayotte and Senator Joe Donnelly - Essay Example Therefore, there is need to focus on female leadership in the 21st century since they have actively been involved in public administration and public policy. The need to focus on this changes should be emphasized by comparing male leadership to female leadership in the 21st century. A comprehensive look at the status of women in elective posts is presented by Wilcox and Thomas (2014) through the analysis of women in government and judicial posts. The changing political structure and agendas show how females play an important role in leadership based on their political ambition. The essay will compare Senator Kelly Ayotte and Senator Joe Donnelly with respect to their role in the 21st century leadership. Ayotte and Donnelly have different leadership traits and hold different political ideologies as seen from their press releases which will be discussed in the subsequent paragraphs. These approaches on national matters take a different dimension. Ayotte develops her tactic based on bipartisan approaches while Donnelly concentrates on advocating for his party’s political and economic stands. Ayotte’s approach advocates for national agendas on grounds that there need to be sober mind when it comes to security and economic policies (Appendix 1). As a Republican, Ayotte has played an important role in sponsoring security and economical related bills in the senate. This indicates her concern on matters affecting the public.

Marketing research .. project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing research .. project - Essay Example With 95% confidence interval; it means that we accept the null hypothesis that the mean response to X166-reasonable Prices are lower than 6 and reject the alternative hypothesis that the mean response to X166-reasonable prices are higher than 6. From a practical standpoint, the results of the Univariate hypothesis test showed that respondents perceived the menu were significantly lower than 6 and this can be reflected by the mean of 4.508641975 for X14 and 4.338271605 for X16. The mean values for X22 and X32 are 4.82963 and 0.348148148 respectively. To determine if the two mean are significantly different with an equal variance, a t-statistical analysis is undertaken. The one tail results give a t-critical of 1.647649 while the two tail gives a t-critical result of 1.964318. However; going by the one tail, the t-critical is 1.647649 compared with a significance level of 0.00, we accept the null hypothesis that the two means are statistically significant. According to the book page 498, this analysis was supposed to compare the level of satisfaction between male and female-considering the mean. However, from the results there is no substantial support for the null hypothesis to ascertain that the two means are equal, and hence we conclude that male customers are significantly more satisfied than female customers. The mean values of X21, X22 and X23 are 4.82963, 4.464198 and 3.785185. The null hypothesis is to test if the mean of the variables are significantly different. The p-value=3.59 while the significant level ÃŽ ±=o.05; therefore we accept the null hypothesis that the mean of the variables are significantly different (p-value>0.05). That is, the mean perceptions of males between the two restaurants do not differ significantly on satisfaction or likelihood of

Fantasy Movie Visual Effects Film Studies Essay

Fantasy Movie Visual Effects Film Studies Essay Film, the new form of storytelling, is one of the most entertainment sources in our daily life. It would be very hard to get a movie ticket at the weekends unless you got a reservation. Most of you have preferences to some genre, which keeps you turned on. Fantasy is one of the most fascinating genres, not only in film but in all the forms of art. It helps us to escape from the reality, from all our stress and tensions, for few hours. Most of the fantasy films are adapted from literature. Many would have waiting for your favorite fantasy novels movie release as I am waiting for the new Harry Potter film. You got many expectations for a film, might be wanted a great effects or waiting for your favorite part of the story. If your expectations are not fulfilled by the film makers you would probably disappointed. Film industry is an extremely competitive field with new technologies, creative ideas, and many more things. With the increasing number of new movies, film makers are trying very hard to impress the audience through new stories, visuals, and technologies. Two centuries ago, the famous short film, The Arrival of a Train made the audience to scream and ran out of the theater. The train was that much believable for those people, who were unfamiliar with films. But gradually people started to examine film very observantly. Film makers did everything they can do to make the film much more believable and try to give a new experience to the audience. It is very hard to trick them now, very hard to get their applause. As giant fishes always catch the attraction, some big pictures came and well received by the audience. They are not become success just because of its budget, definitely It would have all the right elements to be a film. In this 21st century, CGI and visual effects become one o f the key elements in films. Film makers are using these effects to impress the audience even the story doesnt demands it. Many films succeed while others become a big visual effects mess. Statement of the problem How much the fantasy film influence the development of visual effects Purpose Significance of the study Research questions 1: what is the influence of fantasy genre in film industry? 2: what is the significance of fantasy movies? 3: what is the role of fantasy films in the development of visual effects? CHAPTER 2: Background Fantasy: Fantasy can be defined as the boundless imagination or the liberation of mind from the reality. There is no limit, we can go anywhere, do anything, talk to animals, and if you want to fly a four headed dragon to the moon you can simply do that. Every single person in this world would have been in a fantasy world at least once in their life time, through their dreams or unbounded thoughts. Many wouldnt have recognized this as fantasy. Among those, some passionate and creative minds travelled lots of distance and found new wonderful stories. Those stories have reached in the real world, preserved for the generations through orally, and later inspired many to write fantasy literature. Fantasy Fantasy films: Fantasy films have been started since the birth of the medium itself. Watching these kind of movies in the silver screen must be a visual feast for the spectators. It would be a real challenge to make these kinds of films at the beginning stage of the film itself because of the visuals which these stories demands. It stands beyond reality so the film makers had to find some innovative cinematic techniques to create the hyper realism on the silver screen. Most of the early films were static shots that filmed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques. They would have used only the ability of the camera to capture image rather than thinking about new cinematic techniques. But before the 20th century few filmmakers have found new filming techniques to create some special effects which give inspiration to others for the invention of many innovative special effects techniques in the following years. With a result of that many fantasy films had born in the silent era of film. The arrival of sound and color in film made an innovative change in the fantasy film genre, which helped the directors to take the viewers more deep inside the fantasy, through emotions and colorful visuals. Fantasy film genre: Sub genre: Sword and sorcery musical fantasy light fantasy dark fantasy History of fantasy film: Fantasy film, consists of the elements of magic, supernatural events, fantasy creatures, fantasy world, fairy tales and sorcery, have events which are unlikely to occur in real life. This film genre is considered to be different from science fiction film and horror film, although the genres do overlap. The limitations of the fantasy film genre are not well defined. Early period: In 1896, Georges Melies, a French film director, considered as the father of special effects, filmed the first fantasy film The Bewitched Inn. This film is about a man who goes through some series of dreadful experiences from an inn. The film runs two minutes, might be the longest running film of that time. Melies used the special effects technique called stop trick, which he accidentally discovered while filming street traffic in Paris. Besides stop trick, they also used some invisible wires to drift up the characters hat and clothes towards the wall. In 1898 Melies directed another fantasy film named The Astronomers dream (La Lune à   un mà ¨tre). This film is about the terrific things happening in an astronomers dream. It runs three minutes, lengthier than the previous one. They designed the set very well and it gives more strength to the three minutes narration. In terms of special effects this film mainly reliant on the stop trick but we can see the use of mechanical prop for the moon and a very short stop motion animation on the screen. His experiments were the stepping-stones to further advances in special effects. Again in the year of 1903 and 1904, Melies came up with two more great fantasy movies The Infernal Boiling Pot (Le Chaudron Infernal) and The Impossible Voyage (Voyage à   travers limpossible). In the film The Infernal Boiling Pot, Melies has shown two green goblins doing some incantation on a burning cauldron which have three girls in it. The film runs 2 minutes and they had hand colored each frame of the film to get a colored film. It helped to create more sinister atmosphere and to increase the impact on the audience. The impossible voyage is considered as one of the greatest film of Melies and the important fantasy film of the silent film era. It is an adaptation of Jules Vernes play  Voyage à   travers lHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voyage_à  _travers_limpossibleaction=editredlink=1HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voyage_à  _travers_limpossibleaction=editredlink=1impossible. The films running time is about 20 minutes, approximately five times longer than other films of that time. Most films prior to this one, mainly consist of one or two shots and they were short in running time, had not developed in a level to tell a complex story. The impossible voyage tells the story of, passengers boarding a train which takes them on an adventure to the sun and even under the ocean. This film had used the advantages of editing and we can see a dissolve effect between the scenes. Through these type lengthier films with great narration, gradually film turn out to be a medium of storytelling. After the great fantasy films from the special effects wizard Georges Melies, lots of movies had born in this genre. By the year of 1910 movies were gradually growing into full length movies, an average of 80 minutes of running time, along with the special and visual effects technologies, which encouraged the film makers to produce more complex fantasy films than the previously done projects. It also helped to expand the potential of the genre by strong narration and provided the fantasy ambiance to the audience. In 1903, Alice in Wonderland, an adaptation film based on the Lewis Carrolls fantasy novel Alices Adventures in Wonderland, came out. The film was directed by Cecil Hepworth and Percy Stow and it is impressive for its use of special effects, including Alices shrinking at the entrance Doors and stuck inside of White Rabbits home with her full height. Some of the films special effects were achieved through jump cut and trick photography. The film showed only a few portion of the novel, because many scenes were technically impossible to shoot at that time. However, the film would have been impressed the audience because it was the first time they had seen a visual representation of their favorite novel. Later in 1910 the film had been recreated by the  Edison Manufacturing Company  and directed by  Edwin S. Porter in the original name of the book. In this 10 minutes film, Edwin s Porter couldnt include all the Carrolls memorable characters from the novel. Again in 1915, W.W. Young an American film director made the third adaptation of this film with fifty minutes of running time. This version goes much deeper in to the Carrolls novel than prior films, even fifty minutes is not much enough to narrate Carrolls fantasy story.   In the year of 1910, the most influenced fairy tale of all time, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Frank_BaumFrank Baum, came into silver screen. This is the first adaptation film based on a novel which had been followed by its sequels. The story happens in a fantasy land called the Land of Oz and Dorothy and her friends are the characters in the story. There is no reliable proof about who directed this thirteen minutes film but many criticizers considered that Otis Turner might have done it. In the same year three more films in this series came out which are Dorothy and the Scarecrow in Oz,  The Land of Oz, and  John Dough and the Cherub, and all are considered to be  lost films. In 1914, three more films came out in this title, all directed by J. Farrell MacDonald and produced under The Oz Film Manufacturing Company. They are The Patchwork Girl of Oz,  the Magic Cloak of Oz, and  His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz, with an average ru nning time of 60 minutes. Later in 1925, another Oz movie was released by the name Wizard of Oz, directed by  Larry Semon. This film changed radically from the novel, introducing new characters and exploits. Along with a completely different plot, the film is all set in a world that is only barely recognizable as the  Land of Oz  from the books. All these Oz films had failed to make any impacts on the audience. Creating a fantasy world is a very difficult thing, if we couldnt make the audience to believe in the story, it all would look completely ridicules. Many film makers had failed to achieve this magic, thus make the genre to wait so long to get its triumph in motion picture. Other superb fantasy films in the early period were  Raoul Walsh  Ã‚  The Thief of Bagdad  and  Fritz Langs  Die Nibelungen both released in the year 1924. The Sound era: Technicolor and sound would be another great achievement in film history. Sound effects could make fear and anticipation in fantasy films or even play with viewers emotion in happy fantasies. Technicolor gave filmmakers the capability to create stunning special effects that impressed the viewers. The most famous film which made use of the magic of color and sound was the 1939 musical fantasy film The Wizard of Oz  directed primarily by  Victor Fleming. A sudden change from black and white to color gave more fantastic effects to the fantasy world and it allowed the filmmakers to deliver the full beauty of the visuals. The Land of Oz was very spectacular, complete with flying witches, wizards, talking trees and animals and many other fantasy elements. We could find many changes in the plot though the film was far more faithful to Baums original book than the earlier film versions. The Wizard of Oz  has considered as one of the best loved fantasy film of all time because of its st unning visuals and strong narration, and it became a true classic. This 103 minutes film was produced by  MGM and the budget was three million dollars, most expensive production up to that time. The film earned six million from the box office and thirteen million from television broadcast rights. That would have inspired many filmmakers to produce fantasy films. 1power of narration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦taking the viewers along with the story.. Make them to feel the emotions of the characters Give the feel believable of hyperrealism Disney also effectively used a combination of color and sound in many of its fantasy films, both live action and animated. The makers of  The Wizard of Oz  might have been influenced by the success of  Walt DisneyHYPERLINK http://oz.wikia.com/wiki/Walt_Disney_PicturesHYPERLINK http://oz.wikia.com/wiki/Walt_Disney_Picturess  Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,  released in the year 1937, which proved that a fantasy film could attract an enthusiastic adult audience too, a trick that earlier Oz films had failed to achieve. Fantasy movies and the film industry: As a cinematic genre, fantasy has traditionally not been regarded as highly as the related genre of science fiction film. Undoubtedly, the fact that until recently fantasy films often suffered from the Sword and Sandal afflictions of inferior production values, over-the-top acting and decidedly poor special effects was a significant factor in fantasy films low regard. Even 1981s  Raiders of the Lost Ark, which did much to improve the genres reputation in public as well critical circles, was still derided in some quarters because of its comic book-like action sequences and tongue in cheek comedy. Since the late 1990s, however, the genre has gained new respectability, driven principally by the successful adaptations of J.R.R. Tolkiens  The Lord of the Rings  and J.K. Rowlings  Harry Potter  series. Jacksons  The Lord of the Rings  trilogy is notable due to its ambitious scope, serious tone and thematic complexity. These pictures achieved phenomenal commercial and critical success, and the  third installment  of the trilogy became the first fantasy film ever to win the  Academy Award for Best Picture. The Harry Potter series has been a tremendous financial success, has achieved critical acclaim, and boasts an enormous and loyal fan base. Following the success of these ventures, Hollywood studios have green lighted additional big-budget productions in the genre. These have included adaptations of the first and second books in  C. S. Lewis  The Chronicles of Narnia  series and the teen novel  Eragon, as well as adaptations of  Susan Coopers  The Dark Is RisHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Is_Rising_(film)ing,  Cornelia FunkesInkheart,  Phillip Pullmans  The Golden Compass, and  Holly Blacks  The Spiderwick Chronicles. Fantasy movies in recent years, such as the  Lord of the Rings  films, 2005s  Narnia  adaptation, and the first second and fourth  Harry Potter  adaptations have most often been released in November and December. This is in contrast to science fiction films, which are often released during the northern hemisphere summer (June August). All 3 installments of the  Pirates of the Caribbean  fantasy films, however, were released in July 2003, July 2006 and May 2007 respectively, and the latest releases in the  Harry Potter  series were released in July, 2007 and July 2009. The huge commercial success of these pictures may indicate a change in Hollywoods approach to big-budget fantasy film releases. Adaptation Themes, imagery, and visual elements Detailed study of developments in visual effects Case study 1 The lord of the rings trilogy My same philosophy applied to digital effects as to the overall design. I wanted the monsters to feel real right down to the dirt under the fingernails of a Cave Troll or the bloodshot, bulging eyes of Gollum.   Peter Jackson   The lord of the rings film trilogy, directed by Peter Jackson is an epic saga of J.R.R. Tolkiens Lord of the Rings books, become a milestone in the history of motion picture. The trilogies, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, and  The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, all released in the year of 2001, 2002, and 2003 respectively.   It was a revolutionary movement in the visual effects film making. Both the book and film had given a new birth to the fantasy literature and film genre. The trilogy achieved commercial, critical and phenomenal triumph. Each film of the trilogy had nominated for the Academy Award for Best picture in the three consecutive years and finally the third chapter, The Return of the King won the best picture award, and becomes the first fantasy film ever to achieve this honor. It won a total of eleven Academy Awards including for the ground breaking visual effects, ties up with the classics Benhur and Titanic. Peter Jackson and crew created an entire digital world to give life to the Tolkiens middle earth. This film is the best example of high fantasy. The story happened in the Middle earth, the three films follow the quest of Frodo Baggins and the fellowship to destroy the One Ring to defeat the Dark Lord Sauron. In the final battle at Gondor, Ring has been destroyed and Sauron and his powers are vanquished. The story is rich with many fantasy elements such as, wizards, dragons, creatures, beasts, giant talking trees and many more .The success of the film showed the scope of fantasy films and encouraged many production companies to green light new fantasy oriented projects. Thus the first decade of the twenty first century got more than fifty fantasy films on the silver screen. All major behind the scenes works had done by the New Zealand based visual effects company WETA Digital. They would have assembled potential people from all fields of animation and visual effects to dedicate years of their lives to create stunning effects that fulfill this high fantasy, middle earth epic story. All three films got more three thousand effects shots. WETA Digital had used many visual effects technologies to create the effects and creatures. They have invented new technologies and changed some existing technologies to overcome the challenges in creating some scenes. One of the most exciting creatures in  the film is Gollum, who was born like a hobbit named Smà ©agol, but transformed into something far more frightening as a result of his encounter with the ring. For creating Gollum, they have used very advance motion capturing. Gollum would be the most sophisticated digital character seen at that time. Visual effects technologies The lord of the rings trilogy had used many ground breaking visual effects to create the fantasy. WETA Digital is the major effects studio behind the films, but some shorts are also given to the studio Digital Domain. WETA had used many technologies to achieve the effects. Here we are going to look through those technologies. Massive Creating the war scenes are one o the most challenges faced by the filmmakers. All films in the trio had more than one war sequence in which thousands of soldiers are fighting. Creating this kind of mass crowd is a big problem that had not been solved in film making. A research to develop a new technology to overcome this problem had conducted in WETA Digital by the technical director of the film Stephen Regelous. It resulted in the creation of new software called MASSIVE (Multiple Agent Simulation System in Virtual Environment). It can easily generate thousands or millions of agents that all act as individuals and can respond individually to its surroundings. These reactions affect the agents behavior, changing how they act and controlling motion captured animations to create a realistic looking characters. The software used fuzzy logic to achieve this kind of properties. This technology helped WETA to create the epic war sequences. This technology is a great contribution to the vis ual effects industry and later it used in many films. Subsurface scattering Creating the creature Gollum was another big challenge for the director. This character played a main role in the films. Gollum was brought into life by the combine efforts of computer animation and sophisticated motion capture technology utilizing fluid dynamics. They studied many kinds of anatomy to create realistic joint movement based on actual organic muscle and bone. For getting more realistic look they have applied sub surface scattering shader for the first time. WETA developed vast amounts of code to create Gollum, notes Peter Jackson. They developed new modeling codes, new skin codes, new muscle codes. He is amazingly life-like and we were able to give him a range of expressions from the evil of Gollum to the sympathy of Smà ©agol. Peter Jackson  

The Metamorphasis by Franz Kafka Essay -- essays research papers

Early one morning, Gregor woke to discover he had transformed into a human-size bug. However, it was not him turning from a young man into a bug in the matter of one night that worried Gregor, but the fact that he was going to be late for work! After reading the first several pages, one might find themself bewildered as to why and how Gregor dealt with this transformation with such stride. No, Gregor had not lost his mind, nor had he expected this situation to ever occur (How could something so singular ever be anticipated for that matter?). It was instead, the mere fact that working as a slave to the relentless, capitalist society he knew as life had alienated Gregor to the point that such a change as becoming a bug was nothing more than a confirmation of his insignificant place in the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attention. A simple word, yet without it, even the proudest slip into the darkest shadows of life. It is essential to human survival, and is the key concept towards understanding the ongoing transformation of Gregor throughout the story. Instead of worrying about their son and his new, awkward condition, Gregor’s parents worried about themselves, and how this tremendous change would affect their lives. What Gregor longed for, a chance to be loved and treated as a part of the family, was sadly what his own parents and sister failed to see all along. They paid no attention to his emotional or physical pain, but rather disowned the idea all together that thi...

Planet Organic Marketing Report

Through primary research we wish to study the marketing strategy for Planet Organic particularly in the use of interviews, questionnaires and in store visits. Having arranged an interview with the Store Manager of the Westbound Grove branch, we hope to ask questions that we feel could contribute towards our final marketing report. Through the use of the questionnaire this will give us particular help with looking into the demographics of our chosen retailer. We also expect to carry out secondary research with the help of Planet Organics newsletter, the Internet and the Planet Organic website.We will analyses newspapers such as The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian in which will enable us to view information on its retail competitors as well as general articles on organic farming. I nurturing ten process AT writing tons report we alma to nave regular contact Walt a spokesperson representing Planet Organic. This will help us gain both an informative insight into the marketing techniques and environment. To anchor our information on the micro/macro environment we will produce a SOOT analysis within our report, which highlights the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats ofPlanet Organic. 2. Micro Environmental 2. 1 Company â€Å"Planet Organics natural ethos also extends to our beliefs about health and how complementary therapies and remedies can prevent and cure illness. Nourishing our families with good wholesome home cooking combined with a complementary approach to well being is the foundation for a healthy, vital life now and for generations to come. † Renee Elliott 2000 Planet Organic is a unique supermarket dedicated to organic and other ethically sourced products.They have 4 stores spread across some of the most affluent areas of London and have a large target arrest of organic consumers looking for essentially chemical-free , fresh or minimally processed food. Their mission is to raise awareness of British farming and organic goods while fi ghting against genetically modified foods. Renee Elliott a former American wine Journalist opened her first Planet Organic store in 1995 in Noting Hill, with each restaurant containing a designated seating area where customers can purchase foods from the deli counter, offering a selection of fresh Organic Produce.The shelves in all four stores are aligned according to Meat, Dairy Products, Confectionery and Health and Beauty. When walking into a Planet Organic Store you have immediately stepped into what is set out to be like a market stall of fresh fruit and vegetables. The shop is very appealing to the eye with its color coordination and neatly stacked shelves. The smell of the fresh deli counter makes shopping in Planet Organic thoroughly enjoyable instead of the hustle and bustle that you may encounter when shopping in other supermarkets such as Testes and Kingsbury.This is why Planet Organic continue to have such a loyal sense of customer value, they want to make your food shop ping experience enjoyable and relaxing. More and more people are choosing to arches and look into eating organic food because they want to know what they are eating, the reassurance that the environment has not been harmed in the process of which their food has been produced This year Planet Organic are celebrating 1 5 years since they opened as the first organic and natural supermarket in the I-J.Planet Organic became the first Soil Association certified organic supermarket in the I-J when they first started in 1995, they were also the first to have an organic British meat and fish counter within a supermarket. I en company were also ten TLS London retailer to KICK start ongoing trend of replacing plastic bags with biodegradable bags, this has been picked up on with many other large retailers such as Waitress, Testes and Kingsbury. Planet Organic now have their own website (www. Planetarium. Com) in which consumers can purchase products online and have them home delivered.This is u seful to their loyal consumers, as unlike many supermarkets such as Waitress and Marks and Spencer, accessibility is limited due to such a limited amount of stores. The website entices customers with ‘gift ideas' and gives factual information in ‘Renee's blob (The company director of Planet Organic). In this blob she introduces ewe and innovative recipes such as ‘Soaked Cinnamon and Apricot Porridge' and ‘Parmesan Baked Asparagus', she also directly targets mothers with young children, for example what to put in their packed lunch or meals that both grown ups and children will enjoy.This blob is updated almost weekly and is full of informative and current news that makes an entertaining read. Planet Organic also send out a monthly newsletter with details of latest products, environmental and health issues and ‘Planet Organic News'. They do this to keep that close relationship that is needed between a retailer and its consumers thus creating brand loyalt y. Planet Organic is not Just a foods supermarket; â€Å"We believe the body can usually heal itself, not with medicines that often Just suppress or mask symptoms, but with natural remedies that support the body in the healing process† (Renee Elliott).They particularly specialize in herbal remedies, vitamins and minerals as well as providing consumers with organically produced cosmetics such as make up and body lotions. 2. 2 Suppliers The company sells over 27 different products within each category. Books, Vitamins, supplements, natural remedies, body, face care and make up are only a small part of the company's success. They sell organic free range eggs and organic meat (all animals are vegetarian). Planet Organic only sells natural, free range organic products. The business was the first to be part of the Soil Association Organic Standard in the I-J.The soil Association is a charity, which campaigns for planet friendly food and farming. They believe that the connection bet ween food, soil and health of people is very important, which is also very important within Planet Organic. Planet Organic are forever introducing new products into the market, by promoting conventional farming, home grown products and raising awareness about health. By sourcing organic food from sustainable producers this reduces the environmental impact of consumption of items brought through its stores.Planet Organic have a British policy on buying meat and British first for fruit and vegetables. Suppliers come from local areas in London and Planet Organic is always trying to promote local businesses. Planet Organic sources and sells seasonal produce, which therefore minimizes transport and thus the impact on the environment in which helps to reduce the carbon footprint. Planet Organic maintain regular contact with tenet suppliers Ana attend trace snows to Tina ten Test new products I nee are committed to British farmers, bakers, producers and manufacturers and continue to mainta in high standards.Planet Organic is also part of Fair-Trade, which is an organized social group that helps people in developing countries to earn a respectable wage and living. Fair- Trade also ensures that better prices are obtained, decent working conditions, local sustainability and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers in the developing world. Companies are required to pay sustainable prices, which must never fall below the market price. Fair-Trade helps to stop the injustice of trade; which in the sat has been unjust and discriminated against the poorest and weakest producers.Fair-Trade enables the workers to improve their position and have more control of their lives. 2. 3 Intermediaries The intermediaries, also know are wholesalers, the middlemen or distributors, are what fill out the gap between the point of production and the point of sale. They can help overcome the lack of compatibility between the suppliers and the end customers (being Planet Organic) by reducing t he number of contacts between the two. This would also help in reducing the costs of the distribution and selling.The organization must decide whether to involve an intermediary, this can be determined by its size or also whether they trust the resources and skills of the produces to successfully meet the needs of the consumer. Most often the intermediaries add value to an organization in different ways, firstly to the marketing side as long as they are effective to the producers goods and the distribution channel, as they most likely know their target market. Making sure that the goods are stocked appropriately so that the economic and life-style needs match the shoppers, for planet organic being natural, healthy, environmental friendly products.Planet Organic uses intermediaries for the majority of their products. Around 60% meaning 40% of their products are delivered directly from the suppliers. They use 4 major consolidators, The Health Store and The Tree of Life are cooperate w holesalers for natural and organic products. They are two of the leading health Food wholesalers in the I-J. The Health Store is based in Nottingham and has been trading over 76 years throughout the I-J, Ireland and Europe. A Dutch company called the Royal Weakens NV that is based in the Netherlands owns the company Tree of Life. They distribute food products throughout North America and Europe.Planet organic uses their Newcastle branch. Another 2 intermediaries used by Planet Organic are Marigold and Lingering Organic. Marigold health foods are only based in the UK and distribute their products within a 60-mile radius from their warehouse in Kings cross using refrigerated vehicles. 60% of their product lines are organic. Lingering Organic is based in New Covent Garden, London and specializes in the distribution of organic Truly Ana vegetables Language started In ten early Bus's supporting local UK Tarts however they have now growers throughout Europe and the rest of the world.Plane t Organic also has an online shopping and delivery service. Goods to their consumers bought from the website are distributed from their Westbound grove branch. They have their own van for fresh items delivered only to certain areas within London. All other orders such as non-fresh items or for delivery outside the UK are sent mainly through Parcel Force and are carbon neutral. All of their distributors from the store use echo-friendly packaging. The cardboard boxes used for packaging are 100% post-consumer recycled and are made within the I-J, even the printed ink is made from vegetables.They use gummed paper made from starch as tape, the bubble wrap is biodegradable, which is an organic material that will quickly brake down in landfill and be absorbed back into the soil harmlessly. For their fragile items instead of Styrofoam they use expanded corn, which are completely comfortable. Parcel Force is part of the Royal Mail Group, and for over 14 years there express delivery services have been covering 27 million addresses in the I-J. 2. 4 Customers We conducted a customer survey at planet organics Westbound grove branch.The main research objective of this study was to find out what type of customers shop at lane organic and why. To collect primary data a questionnaire asked customers about the main purposes of their visit. The questionnaire was made up of 15 closed questions with a pre-set list of possible answers and was conducted inside the store itself. The customers who participated in the survey completed the questionnaire in our presence. We used a convenient sampling approach and a total of 36 questionnaires were collected during a two hour time slot. We determined the size of the sample by the resources availability and the limited timescale.Due to the Westbound grove branch being the largest of the 4 planet organic stores, made it important to approach customers shopping in different sections and aisles of the store including customers sitting down and having lunch. This is so that we did not to concentrate on 1 particular type of customer who might only be shopping for 1 specific type of product. It goes without saying that the results shown in figure 1 and 2 are a clear majority. Many customers, when asked if they shopped online with planet organic, were surprised to find out that they had a website with home delivery.This also goes to how that in figure 3 only 5% heard about planet organic online, the 31% form word of mouth and the majority with 61% saw the store when passing by. The 19% of male customers were mostly with families; one man said ‘I'm only here because my wife gave me the shopping list, she's crazy for organic'. However there were a few men that were vegetarians or had special dietary needs. Figure 1 Figure 2 Hogue s Hogue 4 The results show in figure 4 that the majority of customers lived locally with 58% and secondly worked locally with 17%.The 8% who were Just visiting, did so, along with another custom er who lived around the area. The least amount of customers were tourists with only 6%, on the other hand the few tourists had specifically sort after organic products, whether planet organic had been suggested to them or searching themselves on the internet. Moving on to figure 5 and 6 below, we can point out that most customers walk (with 69%) to the store taking them generally 5 minuets or less (with 47%), where as only 3% use their private vehicles or motorbikes.This result proves to us that they are highly likely too live locally as seen once again in figure 4. Customs traveling the longest accounted for 19% though no customers travel time kook longer than 30 minuets. Figure 5 Figure 6 Results in figure 7 below show that planet organic attracts a large range of their customers between the ages of 25 and 44, Just over 60%, with 28% aged between 25 and 34 and 33% aged between 35 and 44. The minority of customers are aged between 18-24, various reasons for this were due to student life and funds, not being aware of the benefits with organic food, visiting or happen to pass by.The customers aged 65 or over stated mainly that their reason for shopping there simply because planet organic was the closest supermarket to them. Notice in figure number 8 the majority of shoppers with 36% are in pm or later mainly due to finishing work. Before 1 lam with 11%, again before work, 17% of customers shop at different times, 14% between 1 lam and pm and 22% that shop between pm and pm. Figure 7 Figure 8 Planet organic clearly appears to have loyal customers acting on the information given figure 9, customers shopping one a week with 36% and those who shop more than once a week with 25%.Very few were there as a one off with only 3%. It is obvious in figure 10 that when asked whether they visited other planet organic stores round London and if so where, the question was no with 67%, they keep to their local Westbound grove branch in Backwater. However 25% had been to the bra nch in by Darlington place Camden, 5% to planet organic in Isolation and least with 3% Mussels Hill. Looking at figure 11 the majority with 33% of planet organics customers shop at Marks and Spence's, they more or less have similar price ranges, quality food and Marks and Spence's hold a variety of free range and organic foods.Minority of customers with 6% said they shopped at Tests. Customer's second and third main supermarket choices were Kingsbury with 19% and Waitress with 22% , e believe this is mainly due to the fact that Kingsbury and Tests are conveniently close to planet organic, within the same area. Hogue Y Hogue Figure 11 Seeing as Planet Organic hold a wide range of organic, gluten free, dairy free, wheat free, vegan and vegetarian products, the question was asked whether they were vegetarian or vegan. 28% stated vegetarian, 8% vegan and 58% said neither.The remaining 6%, who stated other, had special dietary needs such as lactose or wheat intolerant. This lead to a que stion concentrating on what type of products they regularly bought from planet organic. The most popular products bought, shown in Geiger 13, with 47% were general groceries including beverages, home and household products. The least poplar products with only 6% of customers mainly bought bakery, 8% came for the fruit and vegetables, 11% for health and body care products, 22% for lunch/dinner or food on the go.Also with 6% were customers who came and bought a selection of everything. Figure 12 Figure 13 One of the most interesting questions in our opinion is the main reason why people purchase organic food. Precisely 50% of planet organics customer's motives for purchasing organic food are that they understood it is much healthier for them. They leveled that organic produce will not be full of man-made chemicals and that organic meat for example did not contain antibiotics or hormones.They also believed that organic fruit and vegetables had not been harmed by fungicides or pesticide s. Organic foods are mostly kept the same from the time they are grown until the time they are displayed in the store. Nothing is added and foods are not processed, as a result of this, for 22% of the customers this was the reason they thought organic food tasted better and believed that buying organic meant buying quality. Other customers at 9% shopped at planet organic because buying organic reduce meant being environmentally friendly.They knew that organic animals were treated better than conventional animals. There were 8% of customers who mainly needed dietary product such as gluten free, dairy free or wheat free products. The remaining 11% of customer didn't specify a reason for shopping at planet organic other than the store being the closest to them and for convenience. As seen earlier in figure 45 this category co in sides with customers that were age 60 or over. Figure 14 Overall planet organics customers were very sociable and welcoming. They liked to express their views. We also asked a 1 5th question, which entailed occupation, however instead of formulating the question into a closed question we collected each individual answer through a box question. Out of all 36 customers that participated in out questionnaire neither of them had the same occupation as another. They ranged Trot sculpture artists, Dustless consultants, pr collocates, grapnel gleaner, lecturers, site managers and antique dealers to unemployed, retired and entertainment or fashion industry workers. The male customers seemed to have creative occupations such as architects.Where as the women who shopped in the diddle of the day said they were unemployed or charity workers, this could mean they were house wives or had no necessitate making money. 2. 5 Competitors Planet Organic believes in ethical and sustainable farming, therefore the natural and wholesome food company has a highly competitive and volatile business field. We mainly believe that the key competitors for Planet Organic are actually the larger leading supermarkets who have recently expanded their companies and opened their market field to consumers who appreciate organic products.Recent statistics have confirmed that large Supermarkets are responding to their customer requests ND are making efforts to both stock organic and locally-grown produce which allows consumers to be ‘green' shoppers, choosing from locally grown, ethically sourced goods. [The Telegraph, 15th October 2007. ] The organic food market is rapidly increasing therefore the competition between supermarkets is rising dramatically. The increase of product availability and the expansion of purchaser interest in premium foods have fuelled sales.Figures illustrate that fruit and vegetables comprise to be the largest sector of organic foods and the main entry point to the market. From 2002 to 2008 organic dairy products have more than doubled in retail ales and Minute predicts that the market is set to grow by over 54%, from 2007-2 012. (Minute Report, 1st February 2008. ) Three of the major UK retail chains; Waitress, Kingsbury and Marks and Spencer are all examples of supermarkets that are direct competitors for Planet Organic.All three supermarket chains have been awarded ratings of grade B by the National Consumer Council (NC) for their stocking of environmentally friendly foods and goods. Waitress has made enormous efforts over the past years to increase their organic range and their business sales are dramatically increasing due to their quality of fresh produce. Moreover, Waitress's main target audience is middle-class consumers, which conflicts with Planet Organic as they both aim to appeal to a similar target market.Waitress offers fair trade products to consumers in order to ensure that workers in less developed countries get a fair wage and are treated in a fair manner. Likewise, Planet Organic proposes the idea of selling fair trade products, which increases the competitiveness between the two busi nesses. In addition, Waitress is known as the best chain retailer when it comes to trading practices, sourcing from I-J farmers and committing to smaller appliers allowing them to stock the largest range of organic fresh produce.Yet, sources confirm that consumers find that the fresh produce at Waitress is exceedingly cheaper than Planet Organic, which means that many customers would resort to Waitress over Planet Organic itself. However, sources did corroborate that Planet Organic do stock a high percentage of products that are not viable to find elsewhere, but the question is can we do without most of those if needs be? [Urban Path- Planet Organic Reviews, 2nd January 2008. ] Furthermore, Kingsbury is another K retail canal Tanat Is a Key competitor Tort Planet organic, as It offers ten most suitable range of organic products for their target market.Kingsbury organic range primarily focuses on goods such as fruit, vegetables, dairy products and meat. It has been shown that food sa fety scares have promoted consumers to seek greater guarantee about the value and quality of the meat they buy. Therefore, with Kingsbury stocking organic meats, profits and loyalty with customers will increase as the consumers know they are receiving produce that is fresh, making organic stores such as Planet Organic observe them as being great competitors.Kingsbury has been voted the number one organic food retailer in the UK by a panel of consumers therefore this highlights the success that the organic products have had upon the other retail stores. Kingsbury sales have significantly been increasing due to the growing popularity of its organic and premium food ranges, and Mr. King (Chief executive) implies that â€Å"Kingsbury strong quality food offer has helped it take customers away from rivals such as Tests and Sad. † [The telegraph, 20th June 2007. Moreover, this entails that Planet Organic has suffered a loss of profit due to key permeated chains increasing their pro duce of organic foods. A further example is Marks and Spencer and how they have improved there value of organic food with sales rising 48% this year, with their organic range doubling in size to almost 500 products. M&S, like Planet Organic focus on targeting the middle class audience, by producing organic food that meets the higher food standards.M&S believe strongly in sustainable farming and free range products therefore, since 2009 their entire fresh whole ducks, geese and majority of turkeys came from free range products because of response to customer requests. Similarly, Planet Organic offers the same free range assistance which again can cause rivalry between the companies. However, especially since the recession consumers have believed Planet Organic is too pricey for a regular food shop and therefore alternate to M&S as there organic produce is cheaper and still satisfies the consumers.Overall, the rising sales of organic products in larger supermarkets puts smaller food s tores I. E. Planet Organic in danger, as the smaller suppliers have to think of new ways in which they can attract there target audience to come to there shops instead of committing to the argue supermarkets. Due to the fact that all of the above UK retail chains offer a similar supplies as Planet Organic they are all seen as a psychical threat to the company. 2. 6 Publics Publics are groups that have an interest or could potentially have an impact on Planet Organics abilities to achieve their goals and objectives.The general publics are one of the groups that can have a great impact on a Planet Organic. Whether the change is positive or negative, a change in the general publics attitude can cause change within Planet Organics reputation and profitability. Another group of people ho can have an impact on Planet Organic are their employees; these are people who are employed within the company, this can range from its sales associates to the farmers. Companies that could affect Planet Organic are Fair trade, Ere sign and Organic Standards.We also found six main groups, which have a great impact on Planet organics adjectives Ana products * Soil Association * Green Providers Directory * I-J Organic Directory * Organic Food * Cycle Lifestyle * Fair Trade I nose SIX companies Include: Planet Organic support all of these companies by stocking and promoting their goods thin their store. Planet Organic also provides leaflets and details about these organizations for its consumers to find more information on, they work closely together in order to create public interest.The above companies main concerns of health implications are similar to Renee Elitist's, which is great publicity for Planet Organic being linked with them and vice versa. Organizations such as Soil Association is not funded by the government as it is a charity based company relying on donations and support from members as the public in order to continue to carry out their work. The Food Ethic Council al so retirees over 80% of organic food sold within the I-J, aiming to inform the public about the many benefits of organic food and farming, they also have a similar mission statement to that of Planet Organic.